About 5.4 Americans were estimated to live abroad according to data from AARO in 2024, and Europe is the second most preferred destination. So, what’s so appealing about Europe for US citizens? There are a myriad of reasons that are motivating Americans to move to Europe from the US.
However, making this transition comes with necessary steps that you will want to fully understand. If you are moving to Europe from the USA, it’s essential to first select the country you would like to relocate to and research the visa rules. To date, some of the most popular countries for people who move from the US to Europe are Portugal, Italy, Spain, and Greece. Among the most attractive factors in each of these destinations are relatively affordable living costs, rich cultural experiences, and easy access to public transportation.
What to Discover in This Guide?
- Top 10 Reasons for Americans Moving to Europe
- Top 3 Benefits of Moving to Europe as an American
- How to Move to Europe as an American
- Golden Visa Programs: A Strategic Option for Americans
- Moving to European Countries: Top 10 Relocation Considerations
- Top 10 Best European Countries to Move to From the USA
Top 10 Reasons for Americans Moving to Europe
Relocating to Europe is very different from moving to USA from Europe. Over the years, many Americans have made this transition owing to a wide array of opportunities they wouldn’t otherwise have access to inside the States.
Get Golden Visa’s The Great American Exodus report examines the key factors that are driving this movement. According to this fresh data released in 2024, retirement planning, high cost of living, social and political unrest, healthcare costs, dissatisfaction with the US work culture, buying a vacation home, investment purposes, and tax benefits are the main reasons.
1. Retirement Planning
The US imposes heavy tax rates on its citizens. Therefore, this becomes a burden when it comes to retirement life. Retirees want to live their golden years without worrying about taxes so that their pension will be enough for them. That’s why Europe seems the best place to retire to. It offers a low cost of living, public healthcare, and less taxation.
2. High Cost of Living
In the USA, the monthly cost of living for a family of four equals $4,203.6, excluding the rent. On the contrary, Portugal, for example, offers a €2,423.7 monthly cost of living for a family of four, without including the rent. The expensive living costs in the US cause many American expats to reconsider their location. Therefore, many wish to move on to affordable countries with a high quality of living.
3. Political and Social Unrest
The 2024 Global Peace Index lists several European nations as the safest places in the world. Among them are Portugal, Switzerland, Ireland, and Austria. The United States, on the other hand, was ranked as only the 132nd safest country out of 163 total.
This alone speaks volumes, as does the gun violence crisis that plagues America. To date, many people moving to Europe from the USA are doing so for their security. The United States unfortunately endures a series of mass shootings each year, this being a crisis that’s unheard of in the United States.
As American lawmakers debate the pros and cons of gun control, European nations already have secure firearms restrictions that contribute greatly to public safety.
4. Healthcare Costs
The US is notorious for its expensive healthcare costs. As there is no universal healthcare, you have to pay for the treatment you receive. For example, if you break your leg, you have to pay at least $7,500. Thus, Americans are attracted to the public healthcare system in Europe, in which citizens or residents can get free treatment.
5. Culture and Historical Appeals
To experience Europe’s rich culture and history is a joy like no other. When moving to Europe from the USA, sights like Greece’s Acropolis of Athens, Rome’s Trevi Fountain, and Amsterdam’s Anne Frank House await.
For many Americans, having access to some of the world’s most iconic destinations is a major pull to relocate to Europe. In many cases, these sights are only a short walk or train ride away. Europe’s rich culture includes not just historic exhibits, but also mouthwatering cuisine, fascinating literature, and diverse music.
6. Dissatisfaction with the US Work Culture
Europe is home to a series of professional opportunities that span various fields and occupations. Among the most robust industries for people moving to Europe from the USA are healthcare, technology, and education.
To work in Europe, you’ll require a Schengen work visa, or, if you’re residing in a non-Schengen country, you’ll need a work visa specific to that foreign country.
However, Europe offers a visa-free period in which Americans have up to 90 days within a 180-day period that they can spend in Schengen countries without needing a visa. It is during this period that folks who move to the US from Europe apply for jobs.
In some cases, it’s helpful to have job prospects lined up ahead of time, as this can streamline the visa acquisition process.
7. Buying a Vacation Home or for Investment Purposes
To many, buying a vacation home or making an investment is a great opportunity to get residency or even citizenship while increasing their wealth. Thereby, Golden Visa countries stand out as a strategic asset. Here, people mostly prefer the Portugal and Greece Golden Visa programs.
The thing that makes the Portugal Golden Visa program so unique is that it offers a path to EU citizenship after 5 years. All you need to do is invest in available investment options, starting from €500,000.
On the other hand, the Greece Golden Visa program is the only program that allows you to buy a house and get your residency. Here, the minimum investment starts from €250,000. Note that it is only a residency program. If you are planning to move to Greece from the USA, you can only get your citizenship after 7 years of residence.
8. Culture and Historical Appeals
To experience Europe’s rich culture and history is a joy like no other. When moving to Europe from the USA, sights like Greece’s Acropolis of Athens, Rome’s Trevi Fountain, and Amsterdam’s Anne Frank House await.
For many Americans, having access to some of the world’s most iconic destinations is a major pull to relocate to Europe. In many cases, these sights are only a short walk or train ride away. Europe’s rich culture includes not just historic exhibits, but also mouthwatering cuisine, fascinating literature, and diverse music.
9. Travel Accessibility
Europe is quite famous for its robust public transportation system. Unlike Americans, European residents enjoy easy access to trains, trams, and other forms of public transit. Many folks rely upon these services to get to work, go on vacation, and even travel to different countries throughout Europe.
In America, however, you are hard-pressed to get around without a car. While the United States does have certain public transit options, such as buses and limited trains, Europe’s public transportation services are, by far, more accessible and readily available.
European nations likewise have rideshare services. For people moving to the USA from Europe, they end up losing access to public transportation that’s not only easy to come upon, but also quite popular and affordable.
10. Tax Benefits
The United States has one of the highest tax rates in the world. Therefore, people desire to get rid of these heavy burdens and benefit from lower tax rates. At this point, Europe welcomes them with considerably low tax rates.
Top 3 Benefits of Moving to Europe as an American
If you’re moving to Europe from the USA, shipping expenses, the time necessary to obtain a visa, and acclimating to a new environment can initially seem daunting. However, many find that the transition process pales in comparison to the plethora of benefits that come with calling Europe home.
We will explore the top benefits now.
1. Lower Housing Costs
The cost of housing is essential for every human being; yet in the United States, housing often costs an arm and a leg. This is especially problematic in major American cities, where many people are spending significant amounts of their monthly earnings just to keep a roof over their heads.
In Europe, the situation is quite different. While property prices in the United States have been seeing double-digit increases in recent years, many European countries have only seen modest increases or, in some cases, decreases.
For Americans who want to enjoy a nice life and have some extra funds left over at the end of each month, Europe is a very attractive destination.
2. Universal Healthcare Access
The United States’ healthcare system largely relies upon private coverage, which generally amounts to hundreds of dollars (if not more) per month just to cover one individual. Over the years, the cost of healthcare in America has continually risen, resulting in rising numbers of people being either underinsured or uninsured altogether.
Europe takes a different approach. Its universal healthcare system is covered by taxes, meaning that residents don’t have to come out of pocket each month to pay for it. In light of this, moving to Europe from the USA means having high-quality access to doctors’ visits and other medical services.
Many Americans find this to be not just appealing, but also cost-effective, especially over the long term.
3. Culinary Diversity
If there is one thing Europe has going for it, culinary diversity is one of the most popular attributes. Italian pizza, French boeuf bourguignon, German schnitzel, and Greek souvlaki are each lead in popular dishes beloved by the masses.
European residents who are itching to try a popular dish from a neighboring country’s restaurant can arrive in merely a few hours when traveling by train. For years, Europe has maintained its stellar reputation as a hub for culinary diversity. This is a major factor why people wonder how to move out of the US.
How to Move to Europe as an American
Before you pack your bags, there are ten basic things you need to consider. Here, we will explain them.
The 90-Day Rule
According to the current regulation, Americans can stay in the Schengen Area up to 90 days without a residence permit. If your stay exceeds this, you have to apply for the available visa options to extend your stay, work, or even benefit from the healthcare and education services.
Note that the US citizens are required to inform the ETIAS Travel Authorization for short stays starting in 2026. The process is quick; all you need to do is visit the website and fill in the necessary information.
ETA
If you are planning to enter the UK for a short period of time, you have to inform the ETA. However, if you have a UK visa, UK or Irish citizenship, or residency in the UK or Ireland, you can skip this step.
Understanding Visa Options
There are many popular options for folks moving to Europe from the USA. These are:
- Tourist Visa: With this type of visa, you can stay in European countries for 90-180 days. At this point, you should know that it only allows you to visit, not live, work or study.
- Student Visa: If you are planning to study in Europe as an American, it is good to know that each country offers a special visa program for students.
- Work Visa: If you are going to move to Europe thanks to your job, your employer can sponsor you, and you can get a work permit in that specific country.
- Digital Nomad Visa: Digital nomads can get residency status on condition that they meet the criteria. Most popular options include Portugal and Spain Digital Nomad Visa with a one-year visa, renewable a few times.
- Entrepreneur Visa: As an American, you can apply for an entrepreneur visa when you want to start a business in a specific European country. For example, Portugal’s D2 Visa aims to attract foreign investors and capital to the country while giving 2 years of residence with an option to renew it.
- Retirement Visa: If you have passive income, like your savings and pension, you can be eligible to obtain a retirement visa. Here, the most famous one includes Spain’s Non-Lucrative Visa with a one-year validity. You can renew it later, too if you want to stay longer.
- Investment Visa: Many European countries aim to draw capital from foreign investors to their countries. Through these programs, they grant investors residency and a path to citizenship.
Golden Visa Programs: A Strategic Option for Americans
The Golden Visa, offered by individual nations across the European Union, has also gained popularity in recent years. Through this route, Americans have the option to make substantial investments in a European country, which then allows them to work and live in said country.
After years of residency on a Golden Visa, Americans in applicable European nations are often allowed to gain citizenship. This visa is primarily geared towards high-net-worth individuals, retirees, and business owners. Here are some of the popular programs listed:
Portugal Golden Visa
Among other European countries, Portugal’s Golden Visa stands out as one of the best routes to European citizenship. Although real estate is no longer an eligible investment option, fund investment stands out with a high-gain potential. Through this option, you can invest at least €500,000 in an available fund regulated by the CMVM.
Once you gather your documentation and make your investment, you will receive your residence permit that will be valid for 5 years. At the end of 5 years, you can apply for Portuguese citizenship on condition that you keep your investment, enter the country 7 days per year, and pass an A2 level language test. Therefore, if you are considering moving to Portugal from the USA, you can easily set up your life through this program.
Greece Golden Visa
Unlike Portugal’s program, Greece Golden Visa has provided its applicants with a real estate investment option. Within the concept of this program, investors can buy a house in Greece with a minimum threshold of €250,000 and get residency for 5 years. However, Greece does not offer citizenship like Portugal. If your main aim is to get citizenship, you have to stay in Greece at least 183 days per year for seven years.
Italy Golden Visa
Also known as the Italy Investor Visa, this program offers residency in Italy for two years, and applicants must stay in the country for at least 270 days per year for ten years to apply for citizenship. Here, note that if your aim is not the Italian citizenship, you do not have to follow the minimum stay requirement.
The options include the investment in a start-up, an Italian limited company, and government bonds. Besides, you can contribute to a philanthropic initiative in Italy. The minimum investment threshold is €250,000. The thing that makes this program so unique is that it offers its applicants a tax benefit on foreign income with a €200,000 pay in a year. For this reason, many Americans are moving to Italy from the USA.
Moving to European Countries: Top 10 Relocation Considerations
Moving to Europe from the USA is very different from moving to the USA from Europe. While the idea of relocating overseas can feel exciting and adventurous, there are some important relocation considerations to keep in mind.
The following details are worth taking into account as you explore various European nations and consider which one you’d like to call home.
1. Language Barriers
Depending on which European country you select, English may not be widely spoken, especially if you’re not planning to relocate to a major city. Do you have language skills? Are you open to learning a second language?
This is important and worth considering, as it can contribute to an easier transition when moving to Europe from the USA. As a condition of residency, some countries even require you to have certain levels of language proficiency.
2. Budgeting
While living in Europe can significantly cut your day-to-day living expenses, it is still important to have a budget in mind. This should include housing/rent, utilities, transportation, groceries, savings, and entertainment.
3. Shipping
As you make your transition, you will also need to budget for moving to Europe from the USA, shipping expenses, visa application fees, and other relocation expenses. This goes a long way to a stress-free, well-planned move. Picking up and relocating to a different continent and country is a big step for anyone. You will find that having a budget streamlines this process while making sure you have a solid plan in place.
4. Climate Differences
Depending on where you’re originally from in the United States, moving to Europe can mean adjusting to a very different climate. While Southern Europe (Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece) is famous for its Mediterranean weather, Western Europe (Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Austria) is home to overcast skies and Oceanic temperatures.
Because climates can greatly vary across this region, it’s important to do your research before you move from the US to Europe. This way, you won’t be miserable during seasonal temperature changes, and you’ll know what to anticipate.
5. Health Insurance
Healthcare systems in Europe range from fully public to mixed models. Countries like France, Germany, and the Netherlands offer high-quality care. However, registration with the public system may be mandatory. Therefore, private health insurance might be required for Americans in temporary residence status.
6. Real Estate
If you want to rent or buy a house, the European real estate market can be challenging due to language barriers and local laws. Some countries have restrictions on foreign property ownership. For example, Liechtenstein only allows its residents to own property. Accordingly, countries like Poland and Malta only let you purchase real estate after you get a permit from local authorities.
Rental contracts can differ in terms of deposit requirements, minimum lease periods, and tenant protections. Therefore, you have to take these into account before you choose your new destination. During this process, you can also work with a real estate agent. In cities like Lisbon or Berlin, it is better to work with a professional rather than throwing yourself into a competitive market.
7. Bank Account
Once you decide to immigrate to Europe from the USA, you have to open a local bank account in your new home. It will simplify many aspects of your life, such as receiving your salary and setting up utilities. In some cases, you can open your bank account online as an American expat. However, it mainly depends on the bank, the type of account, and the country.
At this step, you must also check whether you need a tax number to open your account. For example, you have to get a NIF number in Portugal.
8. Taxation
Relocation to European countries often comes with new tax responsibilities. Many tax their residents on their worldwide income. Therefore, you may need to file taxes both in your home country and your new country. For US citizens, you have to file your taxes with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) regardless of your residency status.
However, you may benefit from double-tax treaties, as some countries agree to prevent their residents from being taxed twice on their worldwide income. At this point, you can consult local tax advisors, who can help you avoid surprises.
9. Job Opportunities
Finding a job in Europe is not as hard as Americans think. Europe has strong job markets in sectors like tech, finance, healthcare, and engineering. However, demand and opportunities vary. For example, Dublin stands out as a tech hub, while Germany offers career opportunities mostly in engineering roles. Therefore, you have to draw your path here based on your preferences.
Language can also be a barrier. In some countries, your English may be enough for certain jobs. Nevertheless, you need local language skills too for a wider integration.
10. The Cost of Living
The cost of living in Europe can change from region to region. In cities like Zurich, Copenhagen, and Paris, you can expect more expensive housing and dining costs. On the other hand, living in Portugal tends to be affordable among them, with a monthly cost of € 2,423.7. Nevertheless, the cost of living will depend on your lifestyle. Thereby, consider rent, utilities, transport, food, healthcare, and education before you make your move.
Top 10 Best European Countries to Move to From the USA
Now that you have a glimpse of the reasons, requirements, and considerations, you might ask yourself this question: Where are most Americans relocating to? Here are the best countries to move from the USA:
|
Country |
The Cost of Living Index |
Safety Index |
The Quality of Life |
|
Portugal |
41.2 |
67.9 |
167.8 |
|
Spain |
43.5 |
63.4 |
184.4 |
|
Germany |
58.4 |
60.6 |
190.2 |
|
Netherlands |
60.5 |
73.1 |
211.3 |
|
Italy |
51.0 |
53.1 |
151.0 |
|
Greece |
46.5 |
53.6 |
138.1 |
|
Switzerland |
98.4 |
73.5 |
205.0 |
|
Belgium |
56.5 |
50.6 |
169.3 |
Frequently Asked Questions on Moving to Europe
Can I move to Europe as an American?
The answer is yes. Americans can move to Europe as long as they meet the specific requirements and consider the most suitable visa options. Remember that they have various visa requirements.
What is the easiest country in Europe for US citizens to move to?
Portugal is often considered the easiest due to its flexible visa options, such as the D7 Visa for passive income earners.
What is the most American-friendly country in Europe?
Ireland is widely seen as American-friendly due to cultural ties, the English language, and favorable immigration policies.
Which European country is the hardest to immigrate to?
Estonia is among the hardest, with strict quotas and requirements for non-EU citizens.
Can US citizens live permanently in Europe?
Yes, with the right residency permit or visa, US citizens can live permanently in many European countries and may apply for permanent residency or citizenship over time.
Which country gives the fastest citizenship in Europe?
Malta offers one of the fastest routes through its citizenship by naturalization for exceptional services, usually within 1-3 years.
What's the safest country in Europe?
Iceland is often ranked the safest, followed by countries like Norway, Finland, and Switzerland.
What are the pros and cons of moving to Europe?
Pros of moving to Europe include a high quality of life, universal healthcare, rich culture, and travel opportunities. On the contrary, the cons are language barriers, complex bureaucracy, and higher taxes in some countries.
What European country do most Americans move to?
Portugal, Spain, and Italy are among the popular European nations for American expats. Here are some of the reasons why:
- Favorable tax regime for non-habitual residents.
- High quality of life.
- Beautiful landscapes in European cities.
- Affordable cost of living.
